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ATOMGT Project 1 – Report
Introduction

Airport Access is the access types that people have while trying to enter the airport.

For example, by public buses, private cars, trains etc.

 

One of the Key Components of Landside is land access which is to accommodates the movement of ground-based vehicles to and from the terminal.

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In an economist perspective, the tourism industry of the country depends on airport access and not having an airport could be detrimental to the progress of a community.

 

It may also be a concern for airport operators as failure may result in suboptimal conditions such as inadequate access facilities.

There are 3 types of Access Modes, Road Access (Automobiles, Taxis, Buses/Coaches), Rail Access and Other Access Modes (Water Access, Air Access (Helicopter Shuttles)).

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     Roads: Huge role in airport access as a survey by IATA from 38 airports shows that on average, 82% of passengers use a road vehicle to the airport.

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     Private Automobile: Popular as it offers high flexibility but contributes to traffic congestion.

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     Rented Automobile & Taxis: Popular at many airports for arriving passengers but requires more space and to manage quality and availability of service.

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     Buses: Economical mass transportation helps reduce road congestion and pollution. Airport employees are likely to use public buses it than passengers because of the lack of luggage storage.

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     Dedicated airport coaches: Passenger-oriented with luggage storage and they operate schedule and generally serve city centre.

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     Shuttle service: Operated by hotels/airlines/airport operator using small to medium sized buses and serving a fixed schedule and itinerary.

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     Intercity coach line: Useful for passengers whose final destination is not served by air service

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     Rail Access: Well adapted to passengers’ needs, it forms an important mode of airport access to ease congestion and pollution. Is expensive to build and operate, need to work with government to manage. Rail service includes part of urban or regional transit, dedicated airport link and Intercity network.

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Other Access Modes:

     Water Access: Good alternative to road and rail access if the airport and the urban area are located a common body of water like river.

     Air Access (Helicopter Shuttles): Short-haul air service between a nearby heliport and the terminal area.

Key Considerations for Airport Access includes:

  • Length of Access Time, Reliability of Access Mode, Availability, frequency and dependability of the modes of transportation to the airports

 

Check-in Requirements:

Not the same for all flights

Many International flights require at least 1-2 hours for check-in before departure time

Short-haul international and domestic flights may only require 30mins for check-in

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Parking Facilities:

Parking facilities required depend on the size of the airport and its traffic. 

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A large international airport will need different types of parking facilities to cater to a wide range of customers with different needs

4 Types of Parking Facilities

  • Short term parking:

Typically less than 3 hours for visitors, meeters and greeters

Located near the terminal with higher rates

Importance to Haneda Airport 

The destination airport of my group’s flight NH844 is Haneda Airport.

It is definitely important to Haneda Airport, especially when it is an International Airport in the heartland of the Capital of Japan, Tokyo. Adding on, comparing to Narita International Airport, another primary airport in Tokyo, Haneda Airport is relatively speaking nearer to Central Tokyo, which most of the activities happens at in Japan in the perspective of a tourist.

 

Business travelers especially when flying to Tokyo would like to get to the city area of the state as soon as possible normally.

Moreover, as of 2018’s passenger traffic gotten from CAPA (Centre For Aviation), Haneda Airport has more traffic than Narita Airport by almost 2 times the numbers. With this, I earnestly think that access modes to the airport is immensely important as passengers requires a convenient yet affordable type of access mode into Haneda Airport.

Access Modes

Here are the different types of access modes at Haneda International Airport:

Trains and Monorails

Keikyu Line: 13 mins from Keikyu Shinagawa Station to Haneda Airport international terminal station on the Airport Limited Express

The map for the keikyu line and their prices:

keikyu line map.png
keikyu line map 2.png
keikyu line price.png
keikyu line time.png

Monorail Line: 13 mins from Tokyo Monorail Hamamatsucho station to Haneda Airport International Station on the Haneda Express.

monorail map.png

It costs 490 yen for cash payments from any station from Haneda International Airport to the Hamamatsucho Station for the Monorail.

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The first trains from Tokyo Monorail and Keikyu Railways arrive at international terminal around 5:15 and 5:30 respectively.

Buses:

There are 11 terminals in Haneda International Airport that goes to different locations in the country. Which includes Tokyo Sta., Hino, Hachioji, Takao from Bus Terminal 1.

Here are the places that the buses serve in Tokyo from Haneda Airport.

bus to tokyo.png

Buses from terminals also goes to other cities: Kanagawa, Chiba, Saitama, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Yamanashi, Shizuoka, Nagano, Fukushima

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There are also late-night bus services available:

late night bus services.png

Bus schedules could be checked online too. There is also a need to contact the bus company in advance when making the travel plans. Details of schedules above is accurate as of 1 April 2018 and is subjected to change based on flight schedules. Early morning buses that comes from central Tokyo and Yokohama starts arriving around 4:30. Places connected by early-morning buses includes Tokyo Station and Shinjuku.

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Bus Ticket Purchase and Boarding Points: Passengers will have to purchase their ticket at a ticket and hotel reservation counter or through a bus ticket vending machine before boarding the bus.

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Bus timetables could also be checked in the International Passenger terminals.

Furthermore, there is also a limousine bus service to and fro between Haneda Airport and Narita Airport. The fares for an adult and a child are 3200yen and 1600yen respectively.

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  • Passengers in wheelchair will have to reserve in advance, arrive 15minutes before departure and contact a staff member.

  • There are 4 priority seats in the bus and are as of first come first serve basis.

  • Guide Dogs may board the bus along with their owner with no issues.  

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Different types of discounted rates for the bus service are also available. For example, premium coupons. Details for all types of discounted rates are available online too.

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Reservations for the limousine service are available online.

Adding On, the limousine service goes to many more location from Haneda airport instead of just to and fro the two airports like Tokyo Railway Station.

Private Vehicles (Cars, Rented Automobiles, Private Hires):

Parking is prohibited on all roads around Haneda Airport international Terminal except designated sections in set-down lane. Visitors accessing the airport by car should use the parking lots. Parking is free up to 30 minutes from entering. There are instructions on using the parking lot online.

Congestion of parking lots on Saturday, Sunday and holidays are expected. Public transport to access Haneda Airport is encouraged.

This is the map for roads in the airport.

airport roads map.png

Actual traffic status and road restrictions are available for checking online too in aiding of better planning on accessing the airport.

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Motor Vehicles Drivers will be able to access Haneda Airport through Haneda Airport Exit on Bayshore (Westbound) Route and Route 357 from Tokyo Area.

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And, Haneda Airport Exit on Bayshore Route (Eastbound) Route and Wangan Kanpachi Exit on Bayshore Route (Eastbound) from Yokohama area.

Water Access

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Starting 2011, the Haneda Airport wharf is a water traffic access point intended for tourists exchange and transportation if needed. It is located near the International Terminal. The Haneda Airport Wharf is located inside the Haneda Airport area. It is on the left bank of Tama River.

Passengers may choose to take a short bus ride to the international terminal or take a 15min walk.

Details regarding the bus information and the direction to walk by foot are available online.

wharf map.PNG
tokyo metro map.png

Evaluation of Access Modes at Haneda Airport

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Key Considerations for Airport Access: Length of Access Time, Reliability of Access Mode, Availability, frequency and dependability.

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The access time from many parts of Tokyo are pretty reasonable and instead considered very accessible and fast since there also so many different modes of transportation to access the airport. But, in the point of view of a tourist, a first look at the airport access modes may be a little confusing. After all, there are many different websites that includes all the details of different types of the access modes. However, at a closer look, there are a few pretty straight-forward modes to access the airport. For example, the Keikyu Line. It only takes less than to get to Haneda Airport. Overall, with the many different types of access modes into the Airport, length of access time is definitely not a problem.

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According to The Government of Japan website, it is shown that Japan railways infrastructure is known globally for their high level of consistent reliability and safety. It was also always known as a common news around the globe that Japan trains always punctual without fail. If any mishaps happen, train driver goes individually to apologize. Including an instance where the train left 20 seconds early.  From this, it is seen that the reliability of Japan Railway system is not an issue at all. With a simple search on google, there doesn’t seem to have a huge issue on the reliability of buses in Tokyo. Thus, even if there happen to be any hiccups in the railway system, I am sure that there is an alternative way – buses. I can therefore conclude that the reliability of the access modes to Haneda airport is also not a problem.

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From this picture, it is seen that the availability of Tokyo’s Metro connects almost every part of the state together.

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From another online source, it was stated that even the rural parts of Japan are connected by buses. This proves that the availability of the access modes from all around the state to the Airport is not a problem.

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From a website that shows the timings of trains in Japan, the average time of the interval after a look through is around 8-12mins. It may not be as frequent as the Mass Rapid Transport in Singapore, but with the high reliability of railway system in Japan, I feel that it has a reasonable frequency of trains.

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For Road Access, it is comparatively less reliable than railway due to congestions at times of peak hours. Taxis, private vehicles and buses are all affected. Although it may not have to stop every station, road congestions may be really bad at times. Thus, the access time may not be as efficient as the railways, but it may be fast during non-peak hours As for reliability and other factors, it all leads back to the road condition as of a timing as availability and frequency doesn’t apply for private vehicles.

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​As for the water access, although it may not be the most common and convenient way to access the airport, it nonetheless makes up an airport access mode. There’s also 3 bus service from the international terminal to the wharf if the passenger wants to take a bus instead of a 15 min walk. But the walking route from the airport to the wharf is not sheltered. In a seasonal country like Japan, it may be not as convenient as an access mode compared to others like railways.

Parking Facilities

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It is open 24 hours a day, every day throughout the year. It has a capacity of about 3000 vehicles including reserved spaces and handicapped spaces.

Parking Reservations are available online at an extra charge on top of the usual fee.

Vacancy status could be checked online too.

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Map for the Parking lots layout

parking lot map.png

Here are the different kinds of Parking rates:

parking rates.png

And the permitted vehicle types and location:

diff veh parking.png

Forbidden Vehicles includes hazardous or unsanitary materials carried and administrative issues if parked.

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Prepayment terminals are available and are installed at entrance of terminal access and visitors receive 20mins of free parking.

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Cashless payment accepted includes major credit cards and electronic money like Edy, PASMO and Suica.

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Handicap Discounts are available with voice assistance while entering the carpark with disability certificate shown and are entitled to a dedicated parking space. If not, even while parking at normal lots they are entitles to discounts by showing certificate at information desk at 2nd and 3rd floor of terminal building. They will be issued a parking ticket.

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Large Vehicles dedicated parking spaces are also available with voice assistance while entering the carpark with a parking ticket.

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Two wheeled motor vehicles have their own entrance and their own exit and so if they use the normal entrance, they will be charged the regular vehicle fees.

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Evaluation of potential constraints and limitations of these parking facilities

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There are only around 3000 parking spaces at Haneda Airport International Terminal which I feel may not really be enough at times due to a sudden influx of passengers. Moreover, there are way more than 3000 passengers at the airport daily, what if half of them chose to drive to the airport and park there for a couple of days. Plus, Haneda Airport is more of domestic passengers who are more likely to drive to the airport for domestic travelling. Therefore, a lack in parking facilities may be a huge constraint.

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Some exceptions for vehicles have a need to contact the staff before the parking slot is given and it may be troublesome at times if the person is in a rush.

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A potential constraint is the road leading to the entrance of the carpark. It is the same main road leading to the arrival and departure area of the terminals, although there are many access points as stated in the road access above, when there’s congestions, a delay to the carpark cannot be avoided.

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To end of, the parking facilities at Haneda Airport is considered comprehensive as it considers for the two wheeled moto vehicles and all the other special cases. Nonetheless, I still find the 3000 lots not being enough for an airport with such huge passenger numbers.

References

  1. Aviation Management, Temasek Polytechnic (2019) Airport Operations and Management Topic 1,2 and 3 Retrieved from https://lms.tp.edu.sg/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_21218_1&content_id=_892749_1&mode=reset

  2. COMINFO (2019) Airport Access Solutions Retrieved from https://www.cominfo-trade.com/docs_files/Airport_solution_2019.pdf

  3. Tokyo International Air Terminal Corporation (n.d) Access Information Retrieved from  http://www.haneda-airport.jp/inter/en/access/

  4. Tokyo International Air Terminal Corporation (n.d) Access Information (Trains and Monorails) Retrieved from  http://www.haneda-airport.jp/inter/en/access/train.html

  5. Tokyo International Air Terminal Corporation (n.d) Access Information (Buses) Retrieved from  http://www.haneda-airport.jp/inter/en/access/bus.html

  6. Tokyo International Air Terminal Corporation (n.d) Access Information (Shuttle buses to Domestic terminals) Retrieved from  http://www.haneda-airport.jp/inter/en/access/portbus.html

  7. Tokyo International Air Terminal Corporation (n.d) Access Information (Taxis) Retrieved from   http://www.haneda-airport.jp/inter/en/access/taxi.html

  8. Tokyo International Air Terminal Corporation (n.d) Access Information (Private Vehicles) Retrieved from  http://www.haneda-airport.jp/inter/en/access/car.html

  9. Tokyo International Air Terminal Corporation (n.d) Access Information (Parking Information) Retrieved from  http://www.haneda-airport.jp/inter/en/access/parking.html

  10. Airport Transport Service Co., Ltd (n.d) Airport Limousine  Haneda Airport to Narita Airport Retrieved from https://www.limousinebus.co.jp/en/areas/detail/nrt/haneda/dep

  11. Keihin Kyuko Bus Co., Ltd (n.d) Keikyu Bus Airport limousine Retrieved from http://hnd-bus.com/airport/

  12. Japan Airport Terminal Co., Ltd, Tokyo International Air terminal Corporation. (n.d) Access Information. Retrieved from http://www.haneda-airport.jp/en/access.html

  13. Japan-guide.com (2019, Mar 25) Haneda Airport. Retrieved fromhttps://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2430.html

  14. Tokyo Creative Co., Ltd (2019) Tokyo Haneda International Airport Access Guide. Retrieved from https://www.tokyocreative.com/articles/18478-tokyo-haneda-international-airport-access-guide

  15. Keikyu Corporation (n.d) Traveling by train/bus/taxi (Keikyu Line) Retrieved from https://www.haneda-tokyo-access.com/en/transport/

  16. Centre for Aviation (2019) Tokyo Narita Annual Traffic Retrieved from https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/airports/tokyo-narita-airport-nrt/traffic

  17. Centre for Aviation (2019) Tokyo Haneda Annual Traffic Retrieved from https://centreforaviation.com/data/profiles/airports/tokyo-haneda-airport-hnd/traffic

  18. BBC (2017, Nov 17) Apology after Japanese train departs 20 seconds early Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42009839

  19. The Government Of Japan (n.d) Smart Maintenance Retrieved from https://www.japan.go.jp/technology/innovation/smartmaintenance.html

  20. Japan Tourist Info. (2019) Japan Buses Buses in Japan Retrieved from https://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-travel/japan-transport/japan-buses

  21. Reddit (n.d) A Simple Map of the Tokyo Metro Retrieved from https://www.reddit.com/r/WTF/comments/1ng9py/a_simple_map_of_the_tokyo_metro/

  22. Japan-guide.com (2019, Jun 10) Buses Retrieved from https://www.japan-guide.com/planning/transportation/bus.html

  23. The Japan Times Ltd (2018, Jan 16) Japan Trains are always on time? Report highlights frequency of rush-hour delays in Tokyo Retrieved from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/01/16/national/japans-trains-always-time-report-highlights-frequency-rush-hour-delays-tokyo/#.XRt-xOgzY2w

  24. East Japan Railway Company (n.d) Timetable Retrieved from https://www.eki-net.com/pc/jreast-shinkansen-reservation/English/wb/common/timetable/index.html

  25. Japan Airport Terminal Co., Ltd (n.d) Wharf Retrieved from https://www.tokyo-airport-bldg.co.jp/en/files/newpier/access.pdf

  26. Japan Airport Terminal Co, Ltd (n.d) Haneda Airport Wharf Information Retrieved from https://www.tokyo-airport-bldg.co.jp/en/newpier/

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